Friday, April 11, 2025

Foundations First: Quietly Building the Future of Dental Healthcare. Reflections on purpose, partnership, and the making of something meaningful

It was nearly 18 years ago that I first met Dr Ramakrishna, the visionary behind Smiline Dental Hospitals in Hyderabad. From the very outset, it was clear he was not merely building a dental clinic — he was crafting an entire ecosystem. His ambitions extended far beyond clinical practice: training academies, structured internship programmes, robust operational protocols, cutting-edge technology adoption, and, above all, assembling a high-performing team.

During one of our early meetings, Dr Ramakrishna requested a short break to travel to Mahbubnagar. Curious, I asked what drew him there. His answer was both simple and telling: he was teaching at a dental college, and dentistry was his passion — a commitment he wasn’t willing to compromise.

Having observed large healthcare networks, especially in ophthalmology, I gave him my honest view — that he would eventually need to choose between two distinct paths. One could either remain a great clinician or evolve into a healthcare entrepreneur managing a growing enterprise. The two, in my mind, required fundamentally different perspectives and mindsets.

He was clear, even then. He told me that both he and his wife were, first and foremost, committed to excellence in dentistry. If building a business meant letting go of that identity, he would willingly pass on the business opportunity.

Yesterday, I was delighted to realise that my advice — however well-meaning — was not taken.

In hindsight, I had underestimated several critical factors. Dr Ramakrishna’s entrepreneurial spirit has proven to be as relentless as his clinical commitment. Over the years, he has consistently explored new models in dental care while maintaining his standing as a top-class dentist.

Equally instrumental to this journey has been his life partner, who brings a level of discipline and attention to detail that complements his expansive vision. Her meticulous nature — likely honed through years of clinical training and mentoring — ensures that no detail is overlooked. Together, they have struck a rare balance: big-picture thinking grounded in process-driven execution.

They have built a team culture where quality is non-negotiable, protocols are sacrosanct, and patients — or should we say, customers — receive consistently high standards of care. The results speak for themselves: Smiline today delivers both scale and excellence, a combination that eludes many.

Yesterday, I visited their new facility in Nanakramguda — the first visible step in a broader and bolder blueprint. What stood out wasn’t just the impressive infrastructure or state-of-the-art equipment; it was the sense of purpose. This is more than an expansion — it’s the beginning of a new to the world, innovative business and care model, one that could potentially reshape how dental health is perceived and delivered in the future. 




It is telling that even at this stage, the focus remains on the foundation — the systems, the people, the philosophy. There is no fanfare, no rush to claim innovation for its own sake. It is being built quietly, but with clarity. Dr Ramakrishna was even hesitant to the expression 'institution' even as he has built a great one! 

Wishing Dr Ramakrishna, his family, and the entire Smiline team every success as they embark on this exciting new chapter. The journey that began nearly two decades ago now rests on a foundation stronger than ever, built on passion, perseverance, and precision.

In a world where founders are often forced to choose between passion and scale, Smiline reminds us that — with the right partnership, discipline, and clarity of purpose — it is possible to do both. vision needs discipline, and dreams need systems!


Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Organizational leukemia !

My grandfather Sri G A Acharya (1900 -1972), for whom 'self-made' would be a euphemism as would rags to riches, was not 'educated' in the certificates/degrees definition of educated. He was highly educated in the school of hard knocks at the university of life. In 1943, he set up the Acharya High School in his birthplace Gauribidanur, about 80KM from Bangalore. The schools and colleges that had grown from this institution over the last 80 years were down on their knees, facing a Lokayukta case and other issues about 10 years ago, when my uncle and the then secretary of the society approached me to join the school, even offering to pay me a salary if required. I knew it was a tough call and told my uncle to find me a partner. For the first five years as president, I had my efficient cousin as secretary. He quit a couple of years ago, having found a better use for his time and effort.

My grandfather, a silent philanthropist, was deeply involved in the freedom movement and many cultural, business, and social organizations after independence, making sizable donations. As this post is not about him, I will stop the introduction here and perhaps share his profile later. In short, I became 'President' of the association that ran seven institutions.

I will share some events and happenings—not in any specific order, but from my memory—that should indicate to the reader the various symptoms and diagnostic parameters that led to my diagnosis!

The trigger for this catharsis was our executive committee meeting last week, where a few EC members were hand-signaling to each other based on a pre-planned effort, ultimately leading to the following decisions:

  1. Retirement benefits and all papers should be processed for employees who have pending inquiries against them because it is a bother to fight with them in court.

  2. Retirement benefits and all papers should be processed for employees who have been proven and have confessed to misusing money meant for feeding poor children as they may go to court.

  3. While I tried to resist these two decisions, I was myself part of another decision where the district administration and education officials suggested (you know what that means!) that we promote an employee who absented himself for 200 days without notice and was involved in various other issues. The officials felt we were being too harsh and that a simple letter should suffice for each of the 'mistakes.'

As a side note, I recall that two of these three teachers had invited me to inaugurate a science exhibition. After being photographed cutting the ribbon, I discovered there was no such exhibition—except for a signboard outside and the invitation card! The room was filled with broken, dust-covered furniture. A show-cause notice was issued to satisfy me and everything soon forgotten with a knowing smile among everyone connected.

The last time I had noticed this kind of unity among the local EC members was when they pushed for the academic area to be used for a political function. I had suggested the huge sports field instead. However, the organizer, a local strongman, was waiting outside the meeting, and so the members were vociferous in breaking the rules they themselves had created under local pressure.

Back to my first meeting as president—there was a dharna demanding a job for the son of a headmaster who had been caught selling rice meant for the children. His misdeed had even made it to the local papers. I am unsure whether the protestors were unaware of this or if it was a pressure tactic to secure a government job for someone ineligible.

Within my first year, the local MLA stormed into our EC meeting with a group of people, demanding that the school provide them with ownership documents for land they claimed to have purchased decades ago. Upon verification, it was found that a former EC member had donated land to the school under Vinobha Bhave’s Bhoodan scheme, only to take it back and sell it as plots after paying Rs. 25,000. Legally, Bhoodan land cannot be resold or returned, yet the EC had approved this transaction, citing the need for a single classroom.

While going through old EC minutes, I discovered that in 1951, my grandfather had opposed the starting of additional institutions. Over time, what he envisioned as a high school focused on holistic development—with agriculture and carpentry courses—had become a recruitment factory for government jobs, complete with payment under the table. By the time I arrived, the gymnasium, carpentry section, and agriculture field were relics of the past.

In the next few months, my cousin, then Secretary, found during one of his visits that Rs. 2 lakhs was recorded as cash in the books but was physically missing. The headmaster hastily replaced the cash from his personal funds when confronted, as the chairman of the local advisory board had 'borrowed' it from school fees. This same advisor had fixed new tenants for a commission and even appointed a teacher at a meager salary of Rs. 6,000 after taking a Rs. 60,000 bribe. Since he had assisted former office bearers during the Lokayukta case, he wielded considerable influence. We disbanded this advisory board, inviting the wrath of many who continue to create trouble to this day.

Over the years, local politicians, committee members, employees, and others have used the institution as a government employment factory—create a new institution, apply for aid, secure sanctioned positions, expand those positions, and so on. This has led to an interesting mix of government employees on campus who do not care for the management and are confident they can get anything done through government channels. This is the bane of the 'aided' system, which every government understands but favors for its own reasons. Ironically, in my experience, fully government-run institutions fare much better than these aided institutions.

When my cousin and I took charge, our first priority was to protect the institution’s land. Of the 10 acres my grandfather had donated, only eight (or perhaps even less) remain. Some EC members facilitated land occupation by outsiders, using their political clout to have the occupied land acquired by the local government, compensating the school with a pittance. The very people entrusted with safeguarding the institution orchestrated this betrayal.

My uncle, the previous president, attended 67 court hearings to suspend a violent teacher—a decision taken without consulting him under 'local circumstances.' He also spent countless hours navigating various offices over the Lokayukta case. My own record is less impressive, but I have had my share of encounters: two appearances before the SC/ST commission over alleged discrimination in appointments (the case collapsed when it became clear that government-aided jobs were beyond the institution’s control), a visit to a 'human rights' office when an absentee teacher complained of discrimination, and the heartbreaking case of a temporary teacher who committed suicide—an incident that entangled me, despite my having never met him or being involved in his appointment or salary fixation etc. 

This post could go on for pages, but I hope you get the drift. Office bearers, guided by caste, local politics, or personal gains, approve retirement papers without due process, support teachers who incite student strikes to retain temporary staff, hand out civil contracts to preferred contractors without any semblance of transparency, and transfer employees arbitrarily. Even as I try to bring in well-educated and financially independent office bearers, the mindset remains—to exploit this 'public' institution rather than nurture it.

Over the decades, donors have contributed to the institution, but often with ulterior motives. Some merely want their names etched in stone; others use donations as a front to take kickbacks from contractors. A donor might bring in Rs. 10,000 for a classroom while the institution spends Rs. 75,000 from its reserves, yet the room will bear the donor’s name. Of course, not every donation falls into these categories—many have been genuine, made with no expectation of returns.

Organizational Leukemia

Like leukemia, this institution’s ailment is systemic, coursing through its veins, affecting every level. It is not a single malignancy that can be excised, but a slow and steady infiltration of dysfunction. Every attempt at a cure faces resistance—not just from those who profit from the rot, but from the very system that enables them. And just like leukemia, the tragedy is that the institution itself—the body—is still alive, but its ability to heal is constantly under attack from within.

Friday, August 23, 2024

Bharatiya Content and Pedagogy in Commerce and Management Curriculum





Recently had the opportunity to give two lectures during the Refresher Programme in Commerce and Management for the College / University teachers organised  jointly by School of Management Studies, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and the UGC – Human Resource Development Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University

Like I have mentioned in the presentation, my background is essentially through Macaully's education system and the presentations are a result of recent learnings that I have not dug deep into. Your suggestions to make these presentations more rooted in Bharatiya thought will be much appreciated. Don't forget to provide references wherever possible. 

Do hope these presentations will ignite your attention to these topics even if it starts with finding mistakes and starting a debate. Best Wishes!

Thank you to Dr Ramesh J Sardar for giving me the opportunity 





Wednesday, November 30, 2022

Bengaluru Dosey Dictionary !

 The amount of time Bengaluru will remain the Start up capital of the world is anybody's guess. Bengaluru is also the dosey capital of the world, a well earned tag that will take many decades to replace. There are many restaurants which have been making dosey for over 60-70 years in Bengaluru. 

First, why the spelling. There are many variations in how this south Indian crepe  is called. Dosai or sometimes even thosai is how it is called in Tamil. Dosey is how it is pronounced in Kannada. Wherever this dish is not native to the place whether it is North, West or East India, it has assumed the name 'Dosa' or 'Dosha'. This is sad. How the North Indians of Bangalore have transformed this city into Hindi speaking country in just 3 decades is another delicate matter which is best brushed under the carpet. 

To help you choose a Dosey in Bengaluru, I have tried to list the varieties and give you an idea of what exactly it is. Some outlets serve both Chutney and Sambar with Dosey, however the best restaurants serve coconut chutney and a few serve both coconut and red chillies chutney. 

Masala Dosey - This is the most common one with potato filling making it a masala Dosey. Generally it is a treat, so best is to go for the Benne ( butter)  Masala Dosey even if you can ask for regular, which is made with cooking oil and is slightly cheaper.

Mysore Masala Dosey : This is rarely found in Bengaluru or Mysore with this name. Most restaurants add red chutney on the dosey without calling it mysore masala. In the rest of India Mysore Masala refers to the masala dosa which has red chutney on the inside of the dosa.  

As I am not fond of garlic, I usually request my masala dosey without 'red chutney' except in the few restaurants that I know don't add garlic. It is usually with garlic. 

Set Dosey - This is a plate with two or three small thick dosey. Usually served with Chutney and Saag ( mixed vegetable gravy) 

Khali Dosey - This is the closest to the Tamilnadu Dosai . Much like homemade dosey, it has less oil and is soft, not crisp. Many prefer this simple home style. 'Khali' means empty and is generally confused with plain dosey. 'Sada' dosey is generally the same as Khali. 

Plain Dosey - This is a masala dosey without the potato filling and the red chutney ( some guys do add the red chutney though). As it is without the potato it is called 'plain' however it is thin and crisp like the masala dosey.

Set Masala Dosey - This is not found in Bengaluru, though it might come to Bengaluru soon considering that it is very popular in Mysore. It is two small Masala Doseys instead of one big one. 

Onion Dosey - Onion Plain and Onion Masala are both popular. The only difference being the finely chopped onions as a filling

Open Dosey - This is a masala dosey that is flat out open. It is served as a flat dosey that is soft with the potato curry, pudi and a generous helping of benne ( butter) sitting in the middle of the dosey. This variant is really the one you want to try after the masala dosey.....worth it.

Paper Dosey - It is the ultra crisp variant sold mostly in fancy restaurants. In Bengaluru, not a popular variant.

Mulbagal Dosey - Mulbagal is a town in Kolar district close to Bengaluru and this dosey is gaining popularity for its novelty value. It is a regular masala dosey which has really crisp edges as it is made on an edge raised tawa where the batter is spread on the edges also. This is usually available with Butter or ghee and with or without Pudi ( powder) 

Davangere Benne Dosey - This is different from other doseys as it is made with a huge quantity of fresh white butter. Usually the chutney is spicy and the potato curry is made without using turmeric so it looks like white curry. The potato curry is served along with the dosey not inside the dosey like in typical masala doseys. Davangere dosey is also available as set dosey or khali dosey. 

Pudi is a spicy powder made with some lentils and spices. Many restaurants offer it as a variant or add-on for different doseys. 

Rava Dosey is not made with rice and urad dal ( split black gram) but with rava ( semolina). The onion rava dosey, rava masala dosey and plain rava dosey are popular options. Served with chutney and sambhar just like other doseys 

Neer Dosey - This is an import from coastal Karnataka. Made mostly of rice flour, this is a soft and fluffy dosey. Usually served with a Chutney ( savory) and either a sweet chutney ( made with coconut and Jaggery) or coconut milk ( sweetened) 

Ragi Dosey - This is a common dosey in Karnataka homes as it is quick to make with finger millet flour and yogurt and no waiting for fermentation and grinding issues. Except for the taste and dark grey colour it is like a regular dasey. Popular for its health benefits.

There is a range of fusion Doseys that are quite popular, however, for me the traditional doseys taste better. Some of the more popular fusion doseys in bengaluru include 

Cheese Dosey - quite popular 

Paneer Dosey 

Spring Dosey - I had this at a Kamat in Hyderabad - filled veg noodles in a crisp dosey - It was actually nice

Important : To enjoy a dosey in bengaluru don't worry too much about calories from the Benne ( butter) or Thuppa ( ghee). Recent studies indicate we must have more good fat and less complex carbs than we think as ideal. So welcome to the really competitive world of dosey in Bengaluru. 

One important warning: Never have Dosey in any of the five star hotels in Bengaluru - they are very far from the real thing and do no justice to the dish at all. 

Let me know in the comments below how your Dosey chomping experience in Bengaluru was and if I have missed any popular type of dosey you enjoy. Look forward to your posting pictures of doseys in Bengaluru in the comments box below.




Tuesday, November 29, 2022

Reconstructed not reconstituted foods - Investment in research to mimic natural products is that CSR or anti social?

 Reconstituted foods are common knowledge. Potato flakes used to make potato pancakes or egg powder used to make omelette is most common. Freeze drying food products only to reconstitute them by adding water is one of the great technological inventions to prolong the life of food substances. That is not the topic of this article. Reconstituted food is a common food industry/nutrition expression and so I had to call the subject of this article 'Reconstructed foods'.

In the recent years food  manufacturers have spent a great deal of money on research and technology to reconstruct food so as to make it look like it was made using a traditional natural process.

Milk

 If your child does not know about cows and buffalos and feels that milk is made in the factory, is that wrong? Long gone are the days when fresh milk was pasteurised and packed in bottles and sold. Today milk is made using milk powder and other ingredients with a variety of options in fat, SNF combinations. Many customers are aware of this and some new competitors are selling fresh milk at high prices while most dairies are producing milk in factories using milk powder ( shelf life of 18+ months) 

Potato Chips

When I mentioned that the big brands of perfectly shaped potato wafers are made from potato powder in factories and not by slicing potatoes, one of my good friends was quite surprised. The MNC's have spent so much money on developing the perfect shape to replicate the fried thin slice of potato using potato powder that it is really a great case in visual food design and engineering. While the many articles about how these chips were designed provide the rationale of strength etc, the real objective must have been also to keep it as close to the chip from a real potato so that customers don't know the difference and they don't know and by the time you are addicted and come to know of the difference, you don't care!  Potato chips design story

Corn Flakes 

Originally corn flakes were made with corn grits going under heavy rollers to make thin flakes. In India, I think Mohun Meakin still makes it this way. Most large brands make these flakes using flour ( except the classic variety which is consumed by the old)  and they could have provided them any shape, but they chose to shape them close to the original. The thickness and taste are quite different so customers can easily tell, except those who have never tried the thin flakes ! 

Pulpy Orange Juice

Using citric acid and other chemical ingredients to make orange juice is  common, however to add pulp made in a factory that resembles pulp from the actual fruit takes corporate innovation and R&D to another level. 

I find this type of food made in the factory that has the form of the traditional natural products is not good for society at large. To keep this short and since it is fairly obvious I have not gone in to the nutritional aspects or R&D spends to develop such foods. 

Did you know milk is made from powder? potato chips from potato powder? Corn flakes from corn flour + and the pulp in orange juice in a factory? Do you you know any other products that customers assume to be something and they are not? Do let me know. The passing off as natural products is the new investment in R&D 



Sunday, September 11, 2022

Indian Knowledge systems in Commerce and management higher education curriculum


My sincere gratitude to Karnataka Rajya Mahavidyalaya Shikshak Sangha for giving me the opportunity to deliver an invited talk at the recent conference. With such a long history of commerce     ( some 4000 years) and of corporate and other organizations, apart from contemporary management practices unique to India, bringing Indian knowledge into higher education calls for research, consolidating and curating available content. 

IKS in Commerce and management , NEP 2020








Sunday, April 3, 2022

The two faces of the gig economy....killing!

 


The pandemic threw open another interesting dimension of the gig world of work. The greatest motivation for people to do a gig is the flexibility.....and the flip side of this flexibility came as quite a surprise during the pandemic, even as it should have been quite obvious.


The world of gigs is different from the world of employment and that of business ( business as in trading, manufacturing, and most types services except gigs). It is the flexibility at so many levels and on many dimensions such as timing, components/ composition/  job-mix of the gig, type of relationship, differential pricing etc that makes gigs attractive to many professionals. The pandemic brought the flexibility in association and disassociation to the fore. The convenience of easy separation and no such thing as terminal 


benefits was used by all those who give work. The world has a great respect for startup entrepreneurs, managers and officials, businessmen of all types, but the gigapreneur is both a pariah and saviour at the same time. During the pandemic the pariah didn't deserve even the crumbs as he had chosen the insecure path. Now at the end of the pandemic, while many professionals after enjoying the WFH experience want work in the gig economy, it is a decision one must make with caution. One pandemic can dry up savings made over 30 yrs of doing gigs as living off savings and a few big sudden expenses can throw any giger off balance.


 Explaining what you do to all those who wish you well and want to see you secure, and those who want to understand what you do or those who want to understand 


why someone would choose to do such unstable work if they were even reasonably competent is another difficult aspect which even those who are economically well off have to endure....and it is difficult not to care!


To gig or not to gig that is the question. The answer is entirely a personal choice with strong social repercussions. 


As for me, I just say that I have retired!

Monday, January 3, 2022

Wholesome Businesses - Going beyond triple bottom line and Stakeholder theory !

 Bholaram & Sons is a small one dish eatery in the by lanes of Ujjain, India that has survived continuously from 1924. There are many reviews of the restaurant( if we can call it one!). The list of fortune 500 companies is well known to undergo changes all the time. One study indicated that 90% of the firms that made it to the list in 1955 do not exist today.  "In 2020, the average lifespan of a company on Standard and Poor's 500 Index was just over 21 years, compared with 32 years in 1965. There is a clear long-term trend of declining corporate longevity with regards to companies on the S&P 500 Index, with this expected to fall even further throughout the 2020s"D.Clark. This is after professional strategic management, business continuity planning, product and process innovation and so many more strategies, not to mention doing the right thing of considering all the stake holders. 

Bholaram & Sons has been serving only Poori (fried wheat bread) and Sabji ( vegetable curry) from 1924. Everyone in town knows the address. There are so many reviews on YouTube, TripAdvisor and other spaces on the web. Is there a secret for business longevity? Why do monoliths die or fade away? Many explain the phenomenon with Schumpeter's  'creative destruction' as the raison d'être. The number of variations or innovations in Poori and Sabji over the last century are just too many to count. It is interesting that despite of all the innovations around the same product, this eatery thrives. 

Most companies understand sustainability as the sustainability of the firm/business, whereas sustainability of mankind goes far beyond keeping stake holders happy. Customer satisfaction or delight is limited by the knowledge and previous experience of the consumer and is a function of the expectations. Similarly employee engagement and retention, shareholder value,  superlative supplier relationships are all limited concepts because they are measured on the basis of some comparison with other businesses. 

The new normal post covid19 world calls for 'wholesome business' and hopefully educated customers who choose to do business only with wholesome firms. The role of business in society, the relationships between business and society, business and politics/governance, business and customers is not ideal today from any standpoint. Business, which is blinkered on profits, is exerting undue influence on every aspect of our lives. Undue influence is a understatement, however, I could not find a stronger expression. This is making mankind and earth unsustainable in the long run. 

Wholesome business is that which goes beyond triple bottom line and stakeholders into the domain of wholesomeness. Wholesome is not only about health and wellness, it is also about wellbeing of mind and spirit, respect for the law, ethical thought and behavior, and sustainability of mankind and the universe.  

Customer satisfaction is not enough, businesses need to provide products and services that are not harmful to the health and wellness of the individual and the world. Customers prefer whitest of paper, does that permit using chlorine that will inundate farms beyond the paper factory? How fair is it to provide 500% of recommended daily intake of sugar in a 200ml drink? 

Similarly, just take home salary is not a good measure of a wholesome employer. It should cover aspects like work-life balance, terminal and retirement benefits, wholesome working conditions. 

Even shareholders are not sharks, dividend and market capitalization ( really speculative notional value most times) need to be expanded to include other wholesome indices of the wholesome use of investment. 

Just my thoughts on the necessary post covid changes needed in business. I am a romantic, which is essential to be a disruptive innovator :) and be rarely understood! 

  The change in mind-set this calls for is great, however, every start up gives me hope. The number of social enterprises is increasing everyday and that is a good sign. When will we have a global corporation that is a social enterprise?

Anyone interested in expanding this idea into a journal article or think such a potential exists please do write in.

As always, your comments are what I eagerly look forward to. 



Saturday, July 17, 2021

Profiteering in a not for profit sector - Education

 Sent this to the Hindu, Indian Express, and Outlook one after the over 3-4 months. No one was willing to publish it hence I thought of my own blog!

Profiteering in a non-profit sector – Education

India has chosen for education to always be not for profit. The new education policy also reiterates this. In the introduction to the new education policy, one of the principles of the policy listed is ‘education is a public service’. Whether this is a good approach or not is not the subject of this article, though it deserves a lot more debate in our country rather than being brushed under the carpet like it is. This is about how successive governments have been hand in glove with ‘education for profit’ entities paying (unnecessarily in my view) lip service to the ‘not for profit’ principle. Everyone knows that most ‘for profit’ institutions are owned, benami most times, by politicians of all hues, big business owners, civil contractors and builders, in fact those parts of the economy where large amounts of black money is available.  Can India get out from the clutches of rapacious Edu-entrepreneurs, self-styled as social workers?

Most of this article is surely based on opinions and anecdotal evidence, however, readers who are connected with education will know a lot of these as facts. 

The new education policy 2020(NEP) has this to say on the topic 

“18.12. Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will combat and stop the commercialization of higher education. This will be a key priority of the regulatory system. All education institutions will be held to similar standards of audit and disclosure as a ‘not for profit’ entity. Surpluses, if any, will be reinvested in the educational sector. There will be transparent public disclosure of all these financial matters with recourse to grievance-handling mechanisms to the general public. The accreditation system developed by NAC will provide a complementary check on this system, and NHERC will consider this as one of the key dimensions of its regulatory objective.

18.13. All HEIs - public and private - shall be treated on par within this regulatory regime. The regulatory regime shall encourage private philanthropic efforts in education. There will be common national guidelines for all legislative Acts that will form private HEIs. These common minimal guidelines will enable all such Acts to establish private HEIs, thus enabling common standards for private and public HEIs. These common guidelines will cover Good Governance, Financial Stability & Security, Educational Outcomes, and Transparency of Disclosures.

18.14. Private HEIs having a philanthropic and public-spirited intent will be encouraged through a progressive regime of fees determination. Transparent mechanisms for fixing of fees with an upper limit, for different types of institutions depending on their accreditation, will be developed so that individual institutions are not adversely affected. This will empower private HEIs to set fees for their programmes independently, though within the laid-out norms and the broad applicable regulatory mechanism. Private HEIs will be encouraged to offer freeships and scholarships in significant numbers to their students. All fees and charges set by private HEIs will be transparently and fully disclosed, and there shall be no arbitrary increases in these fees/charges during the period of enrolment of any student. This fee determining mechanism will ensure reasonable recovery of cost while ensuring that HEIs discharge their social obligations” National Education Policy – 2020, Ministry of Human resource development, Govt of India.

With regard to school education also the policy has a similar approach though it does not detail it as in the case of higher education. The excerpts are from a chapter titled “Curbing Commercialization of Education”

As one can see from the small print and reading between the lines, there are many areas that will offer loopholes that can be built into the legislations that will bring this policy to life. As the states and central government are still drawing up implementation plans and no supporting legislation has been made, it may be a good time to reflect on the various ways the corporate sector is involved in education and list the well-known mechanisms of profiteering in this domain. The high fees charged to students and incomes from consultancy by some of the IIM’s  which are independent, yet founded by the government, is another interesting area not covered in this article!

There are third party corporate entities which take on the managing of a college, department or a program. This means the not for profit trust or society only runs the program on paper whereas the corporate gets in the students, conducts the classes, finds placements etc using the institutions infrastructure and affiliating or private university for award of the degree. This is usually run on profit sharing or fee sharing basis with minimal faculty on the roles of the institution.

Another model is for a corporate to spew one or many private universities. In this case the university is a not for profit and remains so, however all incomes and expenditures happen through the company thereby the company remains profitable by providing all services to the university and its customers. 

Corporates withdraw monies from educational institutions providing many core educational functions. 

Many institutions of national prominence included offer programs similar to the one for which they have the approval. For example if there is an AICTE approved PGDM program with an intake of 120, the institute take in another 120 or 240 students to whom it offers PGDMM/PGD – E Com, or similar. Many times if it is a deemed university, no approval is taken for the MBA program (am not sure why universities are exempt from this requirement) and some private universities have admissions in thousands for the MBA program. 

The PhD program has been another area where commerce controls education. A few years ago PhD’s were being offered by a large number of universities for a high fee. There has been some reduction in this fraud, however, there are many deemed universities whose PhD programs need to be evaluated for minimum quality. There are universities which have set up off campus research centres to offer PhD in areas such as commerce and management which have nothing to do with a unique domain of expertise or great relevance to the university. 

The term ‘deemed to be a university’ means it is an institution of higher education not a regular university. According to UGC (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations, 2019 Published vide Notification No. F. 1-2/2018 (CPP-1/DU), dated 20.2.2019 “3.0. Objectives of an Institution Deemed to be University. - The objectives for which an institution is declared by the Government as an Institution Deemed to be University shall be:

3.01 To provide for higher education leading to excellence and innovations in such branches of knowledge as may be deemed fit, primarily at undergraduate, at post-graduate and research degree levels, fully conforming to the concept of University as defined herein.

3.02 To engage in areas of specialization with proven ability to make distinctive contributions to the objectives of the higher education system in diverse disciplines.

3.03 To provide for high quality teaching and research recognized nationally and globally” The reality is that many private colleges flush with funds got the ‘deemed university’ status and have called themselves ‘University’ with the words ‘under sec 3 of UGC Act’ in smallest of letters, and the first time graduates, unsuspecting parents have bought into this on a large scale. It is only after 2017 there was some attempts to curb this practice. 

The TMA Pai judgement gives freedom to the institutions in charging fees.  In the T.M.A Pai v. State of Karnataka, 2002: The Court directed that educational institutions could make a “reasonable surplus” but disallowed profiteering and charging capitation fees. It argued that “reasonable surplus” to meet the cost of expansion and augmentation of facilities did not amount to profiteering. The UGC Act does not specifically have provisions about profits by educational institutions, while most of the school regulators have provisions to affiliate societies, trusts or Sec25 companies which are not for profit. There has not been any comprehensive legislation of fee fixation in both government and private institutions which includes aspects like donations, admission fees, hostels etc. even as we want education to be a public service with no profit motive. On the other hand, large corporates who want to start educational institutions which are genuinely part of their CSR have no way to go about it. 

Charging donations for admissions, high fee for academics and if that is limited then charging exorbitantly for other services, commissions on everything from text books to uniforms are the obvious methods of increasing revenue.  A survey on ‘parking charges’ or ‘compulsory bus fee’ levied by institutions in Bangalore for example would be very revealing.  Using mostly adjunct faculty or junior faculty, not paying reasonable salaries, not maintaining the buildings or providing sufficient safety, are some ways of reducing costs. 

The environment is stifling those who genuinely want to run really ‘not for profit’ institutions and with the tacit support to ‘for lots of profit’ institutions, wonder why the lip service. Hypocrisy only creates problems, in this case, of expectations which cannot be met. Much better to have a debate on the types of institutions, their role and target market. The role of the private sector is inevitable in India, and public sector universities have generally been job creation factories. On the demand side, we have a very large number of students and their parents who are easy prey as they value the degree without understanding the underbelly of the unprincipled part of the education industry. 

The new education policy is now in the planning for implementation stage, how will the legislation, rules and regulations view this elephant in the room? Will the income tax, companies act, societies act, and those connected with education take a common and all-encompassing view or continue to watch this from the side lines and maybe concentrate on correcting history and making changes in curriculum which are also important. 



Tuesday, April 13, 2021

Covid Billionaires - A taxonomy

 The Covid 19 pandemic has created many billionaires and substantially increased the wealth of many already wealthy individuals and families. There have been many innovations and events in history that have introduced us to people who became wealthy because of the innovation or event. Triggers from 'mass manufacturing' to  'personal data poachers' and the latest Covid19 pandemic!

   Here are some types of millionaires/billionaires created by the pandemic 

1. Nouveau  Covid Rich - Those who seized the Covid19 business opportunities and were spot on i.e. ready and on time at the right place!  This list consists of those who were not very rich before the pandemic and who saw their fortunes turn for the much better due to the pandemic. This list consists of mask manufacturers in china, ventilator manufacturers who could up the capacity, online ed-tech firms like Byju, car dealerships in major metros, Vaccine maker Moderna and many others.  Zoom is probably the best example, the owner increased his wealth 450% during the pandemic. 

2. in clover doubler - These are the very rich who doubled or nearly doubled their wealth during the pandemic.  Most of the worlds billionaires are 'in clover doublers' From the owners of Amazon,  Reliance, Facebook,  Koch family ( manufacturers of toilet paper), Alibaba, Microsoft,  Owners of Indian pharma firms like IPCA, Natco, MSN, Microlabs ( of Dolo 650 fame!), Divi and hospital chains like Apollo all saw substantial increase in their wealth during the pandemic. We must include those invested in stock like Rakesh Jhunjunwala who doubled their wealth when compared to 2019. 

3. in clover quadrupler - These are people who had a superb year and increased their wealth more than 300% - 400% during the pandemic. Elon Musk of Tesla,  Zscaler owner Jay Chowdury, Jack Dorsey of Twitter, and am sure there are many Indians as well, am not able to list them though.

4. Covid19 Mercenary - Surely we cannot be putting names here, however, this is probably the longest list. Otherwise empty Hospitals which charged patients Rs.5-10 lakhs for a few Remdesivir injections, Transport firms that charged 50-70% extra for those trying hard to reach their home towns, Indian politicians, specially those handling the Covid19 portfolio and bought all kinds of stuff at ridiculous prices with huge commissions, some airlines and travel firms, mask and body suit dealers, Ambulance and Priest combo services for the dead, and many many more. Mercenary predators got a great opportunity of helpless customers which they exploited to the hilt. Surely mercenaries and good Samaritans are not mutually exclusive, however this post is about those who profited from the pandemic. Many included in the other categories are mercenaries too, as 'just legal' is still sadly legal!

As far as those who lost their jobs, lost or reduced getting rent, interest or couldn't go to work where no WFM was available, the nomenclature is the old and simple 'loser' 

Am sure this post can be improved for choice of descriptors, names of Indians in each category and the general content. Do let me have your feedback in the comment section please. Yes, to prevent spammers, I need to approve each comment so it may take a few hours for your comment to show up.

Happy Yugadi and a great year ahead!  


Saturday, November 21, 2020

New Education Policy – What can you do as a College? Right now!

 

The new education policy has been announced by the Government of India. Assuming that it starts getting implemented in phases from 2023, the first student who would have gone through the system in its entirety would graduate (5+3+3+4 +4) in 2042!. Any metamorphosis takes time and constant effort and needs to start as early as possible. The normal refrain is that implementation will only follow the government enactment of some legislations and regulations, followed by public universities that control most colleges issuing new guidelines and regulations. This is far from true, because, there is a lot that faculty members, colleges or other institutions of higher education like autonomous colleges, private and public universities can do without waiting for government to initiate action, because it is now clear what direction the new legislations, regulations etc. will take.  This is a policy that we as a nation have adopted.


Training each faculty member and management executive on the NEP is the first crucial step. The new NEP is a paradigm shift on many dimensions and it is critical for all to understand the shift. For example the need for faculty with transferable vocational skills, faculty training and ability to work with industry, pedagogy for students who come after experiencing Learning that is Holistic, Integrated, Enjoyable, and Engaging, and such aspects needs to be understood by every faculty member. The type of input students into higher education is likely to change and faculty needs to understand this. Institutions are expected to create citizens who are well rounded, innovative, critical thinkers and this is a big change from the present day. Institutions should arrange 1. Training sessions for faculty 1. Training session for management members to understand the philosophy of the new education policy in terms of things like learning by doing, emphasis on life and domain skills, pedagogy and man making outcomes.   


Any planning whether it is infrastructure, organizational design or training needs to keep in mind the NEP. For example new infrastructure should follow the 5+3+ 3+4+4 pattern for buildings and classrooms and infrastructure should synch with the new pedagogy. Similarly when independent multidisciplinary institutions is the goal, organizational plans need to include for example strong curriculum building, continuous and criterion based evaluation capacities. 


Managements of colleges might need to revisit their vision, mission in the light of the NEP. This is independent of any government regulations or legislations. The institution can choose its new goal to be a teaching/research university or a multidisciplinary autonomous college.  The shift towards man making education from the rote learning/marks orientation will call for a slew of changes across the institution and and organisation needs to get prepared for this.  Greater transparency in academic and financial data will need institutions have a closer look at their own governance systems and build evaluation systems and processes. We can expect stricter enforcement of the need for transparency in the financial aspects like salaries, reserves, interested parties etc. Similarly greater transparency will be called for in evaluation of students at all levels. These need time to digest and build capabilities. For example if there are substantial profits, then strategies are needed to understand how to comply with expected regulations.  Institutional Development Plans has been emphasised in the NEP and will become an important evaluation criteria. Whether top down starting with the vision or bottom up staring with the faculty personal development plans, this is an area that needs the urgent attention of managements and faculty alike.



Becoming multidisciplinary needs substantial effort starting with identifying what faculties to add based on research and relevance. From hiring faculty members, curriculum development to building new program offerings can start immediately. 


The regulatory, accreditation and ranking criteria and frameworks will undergo a change to meet the expectations of the NEP. Institutions need to reengineer their organizations to meet the likely evaluation criteria for accreditation and ranking. For example the learning outcomes will be more geared towards life and domain skills, thinking skills, and doing skills. Research might become more important or much less based on the choices the institution makes. Infrastructure to support more experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible, learning which is employment oriented, might mean changes in classroom sizes and infusion of technology in terms of infrastructure. Supporting other HEI will be critical and building linkages with both domestic and international institutions for a real exchange will become required. 


Accreditation will lead to graded autonomy. Autonomy will need institutions to be more responsible and build systems and processes for a variety of new functions. With autonomy comes independent branding and this needs to be visualised and built to create a unique position for the institution in the minds of its stakeholders. This calls for a visioning exercise that considers student life cycles, infrastructure to values to stand for and everything else. 


Integrating STEM education will be a new ball game for many institutions. This requires the management to evaluate how this will happen in their institutions rather than following what others are doing at a future date and not being able to leverage their strengths. Establishing departments in Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Indology, Art, Dance, Theatre, Education, Mathematics, Statistics, Pure and Applied Sciences, Sociology, Economics, Sports, and other such subjects needed for a multidisciplinary, stimulating Indian education can be done without waiting for anything. In the event there are restriction on offering degrees, these departments can start by offering optional open electives or diplomas. The simplest requirement of the NEP is offering courses and projects in the areas of community engagement and service, environmental education and value-based education. Value-based education should include developing humanistic, ethical, and universal human values of truth (satya), peace (shanti), non-violence (ahimsa), righteous conduct (dharma) and love (prem), citizenship values and also life-skills. These can start as non-credit courses and eventually form part of the curriculum with credits. Similarly emphasis on ‘seva’ opportunities can start immediately as the policy emphasises this as part of holistic education. 

In our archaic system of higher education, autonomy to innovate on matters of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment will come with a whimper, even if it can be a big bang, because the faculty members are not trained to create multi-disciplinary curriculum. Institutions who invest in building this capability, conduct comparative and bench mark studies on curriculum will be able to offer innovative and relevent programs tomorrow.  


Another important requirement under the NEP is medical facilities for students including counselling. Institutions can start establishing these facilities quickly as these are dire requirements. Student participation in affairs of the institution is another area where a number of initiatives need to be taken.  Sadly, even in 2020 there are autocratic institution heads! 

The NEP looks at internationalisation as a two way street. Institutions need to build partnerships with institutions abroad for research, faculty and student exchange, courses abroad for students from India and courses offered to students of foreign institutions. Efforts to accept credits from foreign universities need to start in right earnest. The larger universities must conduct global market research to identify markets where they can set up new campuses outside of India with the support of the Government of India. 


Faculty will play a central role in the future. The NEP calls for improved recruitment and selection of faculty and more importantly keeping them motivated with recognition, rewards and incentives. Institutions also need to provide substantial technological support to improve the teaching-learning process in terms of smart classrooms, internet access and teaching tools in general. Faculty in their own interest must retrain for the new era or be ready to rust and fade away. 


Another important component of the NEP is about inclusiveness. Institutions need to work towards affirmative action for inclusion and lip service is not good enough. This can come in a range of measures like Mitigate opportunity costs and fees for pursuing higher education; Make admissions processes more inclusive; Make curriculum more inclusive;  Increase employability potential of higher education programmes; Develop more degree courses in Indian languages and bilingually; Ensure all buildings and facilities are wheelchair-accessible and disabled-friendly; Develop bridge courses for those students that may come from disadvantaged educational backgrounds; Provide socio-emotional and academic support for all such students through suitable counselling and mentoring programmes.


The NEP has anticipated that

  • by 2040 all HEI will be multidisciplinary universities or autonomous colleges or inherent part of a university.

  • Increase GER in HEI to 50% by 2030

  • By 2025, at least 50% of learners through the school and higher education system shall have exposure to vocational education

The government will do its work at its pace and may be off the deadline by a few years, however, for institutions and faculty, the changes are going to help create a better system and so implementation of what is possible ( and as you can see a lot is possible) should start immediately. HEI in India have the opportunity of overhauling for the better and providing more valuable education, waiting for regulations from the government or potential strictures for non-compliance should not be the route for colleges, they should lead the government by taking as much action as they can.